Microbiology Practice Exam 2026 - Free Microbiology Practice Questions and Study Guide

Borrelia burgdorferi is recognized as the causative agent of Lyme disease, which is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, commonly known as deer ticks. This spirochete bacterium has a unique helical shape and is capable of moving in a corkscrew motion, aiding its ability to invade host tissues. Lyme disease can present with various symptoms that may include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash known as erythema migrans. If left untreated, the infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system, leading to more severe health complications.

The other bacteria listed are associated with different diseases. Salmonella enterica is typically linked to foodborne illnesses and gastroenteritis. Clostridium botulinum produces the dangerous botulinum toxin, causing botulism, which is distinct from Lyme disease. Vibrio cholerae is the pathogen responsible for cholera, a severe intestinal disease associated with contaminated water and food.